Tesla FSD Level 5 not even close in 2021

Got my Model 3 in December. Paid for FSD and I don’t regret it (yet). I love the car, better than anything I’ve driven in recent memory. Like the center screen, like the driving dynamics. Even like watching Netflix while waiting at the supercharger.

I was motivated to post this because the design of the new Model S/X seems to clearly indicate they don’t actually think you’ll need the steering wheel most of the time. That seems really really premature.

The existing Autopilot is not great, and I’m even starting to avoid using it out of fear of unexpected behavior. The FSD videos show similar behavior, even more unrefined, and applied in even more scenarios. Projecting forward, it’s not getting better at a rate that will reach Level 5 anytime soon. At least 5 to 10 years I’d guess. “FSD” might get us to Level 3 if we’re really lucky.

Problems:

  • Phantom braking. So much of it. I drive mainly at night these days, and it now happens about once, sometimes twice every 20-40 minute drive. In the same very general section of highway, but not related to specific cars, bridges, or trucks as far as I can see. Could be any of those, or none, in some cases. Slamming on the brakes at 120 km/h in traffic is not great.
  • Had it disengage mid off-ramp a few times and I had to grab the wheel to keep from slamming into a concrete barrier.
  • It seems to deliberately and sometimes dramatically slow while overtaking cars in parallel lanes, causing the people behind me to slam on their brakes.
  • Fast moving, but dense traffic seems to be the worst. It’s not aggressive enough and confuses the people around me. Then will suddenly disengage or change speed, making the situation worse.
  • Any time a lane closes or opens on a boulevard, it can’t figure out where to go and swerves before disengaging.
  • In moderate snow, without the Autopilot even engaged, the sensors go crazy, detecting every lump of snow on the road as an obstacle and sounding alarms constantly at speeds under 20km/h.
  • Fully automated lane change is dangerous, usually wrong, erratic, and pointless.
  • Not moving at the speed of traffic. Holding at 70km/h on long on-ramps for way too long, then attempting to get to 120km/h right at the end of the onramp.

If you watch FSD videos, some of this is improved, but a lot of it is not. It’s mostly just the same kind of unreliable behavior in a wider array of situations.

The point of all of this is that it is not getting better very fast. And is bad enough now that I only really feel comfortable using it where I would have used cruise control in the past. Open highways, in a nearly straight line, with little traffic, and good weather. It’s basically $10k cruise control. And when you add the nags, less automated than cruise control in some ways.

Source: https://www.reddit.com/r/teslamotors/comments/l8q4vj/as_an_owner_i_dont_see_how_any_owner_can_think/

Why do good players hate the devotion in Apex Legends?

Well…

The charge-up time- Higher ranked games don’t have time for the slow devotion charge up, true you could have a turbocharger but overall many guns have the ability to outclass it. Such as the volt, higher fire rate, less ammo consumption possible, An R301 has a tad bit more range and is more ammo efficient. A Devo as itself is great yet many weapons can defeat it, as it is charging up, even with the turbo you are left defenceless, plus it is an LMG making its strafing while aiming speed super slow. The Devo leaves you defenceless, while any other gun could easily kill you. In lower ranked games strafing is not huge so the Devo is a good pick.

Apex Legends

This is what Palantir does [A data analyst’s take]

I’ll let you guys in on a secret since none of you retards seem to get it.

Palantir: how the stock is trading on its first day

Amazon Redshift sucks. AWS is great no doubt. Redshift also deserves credit for being pioneers, but the data community has found in the last 10 years that it suffers from architectural issues that make it difficult for organizations to function without a central data engineering team, which becomes less feasible the larger you get.

Redshift Connection - Redshift Amazon Analytics | Sisense

In the early 2010s, forward looking companies started to realize the issue with Redshift style data warehousing, and attempted to solve this problem by creating a “data lake” of flat files to serve as the organizations “source of truth” instead of relying solely on data warehouses. Many companies failed to set this up after trying, and reverted to their old ways of settling for fragmented clusters on Redshift.

Now let me introduce you to Snowflake. Snowflake solves this issue by doing the “data lake” part for you. You can pretend like you’re using Redshift and they’ll figure out the rest for you. Plus they let you scale your cluster size based on what you need without commitment? Plus QOL improvements for SQL? Whoa! No wonder they are valued at $100 billion.

Snowflake Data Warehouse on Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Here comes Palantir though, and they are like “No no no no no you guys are much more retarded than that. Not even Snowflake will save you retards. You need us to do it for you. Because we are super smart. And you are not.”

And let me tell me you, they are sort of right, in some cases. Which cases? Well, so far governments around the world. Also Japanese companies, who are notorious for being late to the data party.

Palantir Technologies Inc. - PLTR - Stock Price & News | The Motley Fool

My first impression as a data analyst when I saw Palantir Foundry and Gotham was “pshhhhhhh I can do that”. But the more I thought about it, that’s exactly why I get paid the way I do.

I am long PLTR because I think most financial analysts are underestimating the appeal of simplification and quality that Palantir brings to the table. The downside is cost but they are obviously trying to market themselves as a premium company, and succeeding at it so far.

Stock has is close to 3X post listing late last year. Palantir Technologies Inc (NYSE:PLTR)

Apple stock price predictions – should you buy or sell? $AAPL

Should you buy Apple stock or has the company run out of growth opportunities? What is my price prediction for Apple in the next years? Read until the end as I reveal my price target for Apple and also what I think will happen in the next couple of days, weeks & months!

Tech Analyst's Crazy $350 Apple Stock Prediction Is Dead Wrong

Hello everyone! So, let’s go over some of the latest news on Apple before moving on to some fundamental and technical analysis, predictions and my price target for the stock in the next years.

So, let’s start with the news that Apple will cut the App Store commission in half for small app developers starting in the next days, this will affect developers who earn less than $1M annually from the App Store Sales. This is likely to lead to a small decline in commission revenues for Apple as around 98% of the app developers will qualify for this tax reduction from 30% to 15%, but all these small developers only contribute to about 5% of the estimated $50B in annual revenues from the App Store, so that would be only a $1.25B loss for the company, that is less than half a % of the company’s total net sales in the last fiscal year.

Also, these changes may lead to a potential long-term revenue boost, as it is likely this will lead to an increasing creation of apps which will generate more commissions in return.

Alongside this we also saw the company releasing the new MacBook’s with their first in-house chip, which promises faster video and imaging processing times, with both CPU and GPU performance up to 2 times faster than the latest PC laptop chip using just a fraction of the power consumption, with both of the macbooks promising big improvements in battery life. Apple is also expected to roll out even more in-house chips in future products, as they have started the 2-year breakup with Intel chips.

We also saw Morgan Stanley upgrading their base case to $191 at the end of November, as they have cited record lead times, supply chain forecasts and carriers demand as they expect that the company will sell around 270M iPhone in fiscal year 2021, that’s 50M more than the consensus and almost 30M more than the previous estimate of Morgan Stanley, with an average selling price of 842$, 9% more than the base case, as people tend to chose the more expensive and high tech versions of the lineup in this new 5G cycle.

The 5G super-cycle, which I believe is on the way, and will continue in the next years, as 5G become more available worldwide, could still be the biggest thing coming right away for the company with 5G smartphones expected to surpass 4G sales by 2024, with the average sale price of the 5G phones also coming down, helping them become more popular. This will also be helped by the recent entry to the Indian market, as India will probably become the world biggest country in the next decade, this could be a huge opportunity for Apple to start and take away market-share from their competitors like Samsung and Xiaomi which have the biggest market shares right now.

They also released an update iPad Pro and an all-new iPad Air in September which will also boost sales in this work-from-home environment that will keep the demand very high for this kind of products, just like the Macs. Alongside the increasing demand from the Wearables, Home & Accessories that include Air Pods, Apple TV, Apple Watch, and many more products.

But the biggest reasons I believe Apple is poised for continued growth, is primarily due to its services business, as they start to offer more and more services like the Apple ONE BUNDLE, which include up to 6 services from (Apple Music, Apple TV+, Apple Arcade, Apple News+, the new Apple Fitness+ and the iCloud service) for a pretty reasonable price in my opinion starting from 15$ up to 30$/month, this could be a great option for families and even individuals who use their services a lot.

The latest services, Fitness+ just launched in the past days, and is a direct competitor to the likes of Peloton, as the service is available on the iPhone, iPad or even Apple TV. This also makes consumers buy the Apple Watch which syncs to the other devices to show you different information. The Fitness+ app just on its own is 8$/month or 80$/year which is less expensive than Peloton subscription which charges 13$ or even traditional gyms like Planet Fitness at 10$/month.

I think this will be the fastest growing sector for the company, as this aligns with the new macro trends, as the world is moving more and more to a digital approach to almost everything as consumer preferences, with more & more younger people reaching the point in life when they use these services start to align to this increasing digital approach.

We also shouldn’t forget the Apple Card & Apple Pay service among many others which also seem to gain from the move to digital & contactless payments, as this has been accelerated due to the current situation in the past year.

And one last piece of news, and the most recent one, is that Apple may have fast-tracked the Titan project. The Titan project is targeting a 2024 or 2025 push to develop an electric vehicle with advanced battery technologies, that will deliver significant increases in range at much lower costs than the current technologies while also offering self-driving capabilities.

It’s reported they will not use the same technology as Tesla Full-Self-Driving feature, but will use LIDAR sensors, similar to those that we can find in the latest iPhone 12 PRO.

I think Apple can go 2 ways with this project, they can either use the huge amount of cash the company has to buy another car-maker like Ford, GM or any other car manufacturer expect Tesla and Toyota which do have a big market cap, so that they can fast-track the potential manufacturing of cars, or they can enter into a partnership with big companies like Tesla, Volkswagen or any other car marker to either produce cars or license their technology to this other car-makers which would ultimately and probably have higher margin-returns than the effective manufacturing of cars. Apple’s current overall gross margins stand at 38% vs the 15% average of the world top 10 automakers by market cap, which is significantly lower.

But this Apple Car thing is so far out, and there are so many unknowns, I will not try to predict anything related to this until there is more clarity on the subject.

And last, before moving on to some predictions, here are some of the highlights that we heard from the latest investors conference meeting, as the CEO, Tim Cook expressed optimism ahead with the launch of many new products and services, especially the Home Pod Mini and the new 5G iPhones, as these new iPhones include new LIDAR scanners that greatly improve the camera capabilities, as the iPhone as seen very positive reviews. We also saw the Senior VP and CFO, Luca Maestri give us great outlook for the company as they expect the installed devices base to continue to growth despite already being at an all-time high as they have over 585M paid subscriptions on their platforms and expect this to surpass 600M by the end of 2020.

I also researched and found what products we can see in the near future, with the first half of 2021 bringing new iMacs, the AirPods3 and the iPad Pro, while in the FALL event we will probably get the new iPhone 13 alongside the iPhone SE PLUS and the Watch Series 7 with more products coming later in 2021 or that don’t have an estimated release date like the Air Pods Pro, the Air Tags and the iPad Mini 6.

So, before even starting, you should know that I am bull on Apple but I am willing to hear other opinions so don’t be afraid to leave a comment down below.

I have made some predictions based on the growth rate of the company, the latest plans announced by them and used some estimates. So, keep in mind this are only projections and are calculated by myself, this is not an investment advice and you should do your own research.

This are my 2025 projections for Apple, let’s take a closer look at them, each on their own.

So, in term of revenues, Apple has 5 big sources of income, which saw an overall increase of 6% despite lagging sales in the iPhone. The biggest revenue is by far the iPhone right now with over $137B in revenue in the fiscal year ending in September. I expect to see the iPhone sales increasing in the next years, especially in 2021, with the new 5G iPhone creating a super-cycle for the company, as most iPhone users, including myself here, as I will upgrade from my iPhone X, will switch to this new product. The iPhone sales have decreased in the last couple of years by 14% and 3% as a result of the product not having big improvements, as well as iPhone usually starting to last longer than previous models, so I expect to see a 12% increase in sales next year and a gradual decrease in the growth of sales as more people upgrade, ending with just a 5% growth in iPhone sales in 2025.

The next revenues stream is from the Mac, which has seen an increase in the past 2years, with revenues topping $28B this year after the huge demand from the work from home consumers. I expect this trend to continue as they plan to continue to launch better products and I can see the company having a similar growth next year before starting to decline slightly until 2025, also ending with a 5% growth.

The iPad is currently the smallest revenue stream for Apple but has also seen an increase in demand in the past 2 years with a 13% average increase in revenues. I also expect the iPad to continue to grow in the next couple of years, especially with the learn-from-home environment for kids, and even after this period ends, the transformation for learning will implicate more digital usage. I expect the iPad to see some similar growth to the Macs, especially with the latest generation also bringing a new iPad air to the market.

The 4th revenue stream and the fastest growing in the past 2 years, with an average growth of 33% are the wearables, home & accessories revenues. This have topped $30B this year, as Apple has also just launched the Apple Watch series 6 and also feature other great products like Apple TV, the Air Pods the Home Pod and the Home Pod mini alongside other third-party accessories.

I gave this revenue stream a growth of 20% starting next year with a gradual decrease to around 8% by 2025, as I believe this will become more & more popular as they start to offer more vertical integration.

And last, but by no means least, the revenue stream that I expect to grow the most and the fastest is the revenue from the services that Apple offers. This includes revenues from Apple Care, Advertising, Cloud Services, Payment Services like Apple Card & Apple Pay and of course the digital content which includes fees from the App Store alongside subscription-based income including the new Apple One Bundle and Apple Fitness+ alongside the already know Apple Arcade, Apple Music, Apple News+, Apple TV+ and hopefully I don’t forget any others.

So, I expect this to become the clear 2nd biggest revenue stream for Apple by 2025, as I expect this to grow more than 20% next year, mainly due to the Apple One Bundle and Apple Fitness+ followed up by a slightly decreasing growth, ending with a 10% increase in revenues in 2025.

I think this are fairly conservative base case scenarios for the revenues, as I expect them to continue to increase the other revenue streams and not have such a large percentage of the revenues coming from the iPhone sales as you can see in this chart.

In terms of expenses, I pretty much kept the same margins as in previous years, with a 68% expense ratio on product sales [ iPhone / iPad / Mac / WHA ] and 35% expense ratio on SERVICES, as this are way more lucrative.

In the past 3 years, the products gross margin was 32.7%, so I actually imply bigger expenses for the manufacturing and sales of products, as this is mostly impacted by the company’s supplier’s ability to make up for and demand, while for the services revenue, the gross margins for the last 3 years has been 63.5% on average, but I expect this to be more in-line with the 66% margin in this past year. So, if services manage to grow to about half the revenues from the iPhone, this will effectively double the gross revenues, as every buck gained in the service revenues account for 2$ in the product sales.

So, I expect the total revenues for Apple to increase from $274B in 2020 to over $440B by 2025, increasing by approximately 10%/year, while I will keep the expense ratio pretty much in-line and have them increasing by 11%/year, this would bring the total gross income for Apple to $177B, increasing mainly due to the services revenues as I said earlier. This growth is just above the 4year average, and below the 2018 levels, which we might see again with this 5G super-cycle and explosive growth in the services revenue.

I also think the company will continue to invest in both Capital Expenditure and Operating expenses.

I think the operating expenses will remain pretty much in line with the previous years, as this number has increased by 1% annually both in R&D and SG&A. So, I will keep the exact percentages from previous years, as I expect the revenue to increase, thus I don’t see a big increase percentage wise. This would account for over $60B in operating expenses by 2025 and over $11B in Capital Expenditures by 2025, as I expect this to increase, mainly due to the possible EV developments or investments in self-driving capabilities alongside other manufacturing capabilities. You can see that the Capex spending has been decreasing in the past years with just over $8.8B in payments for business acquisitions and the other traditional Capex spending. Some people may use the cash generated by investing activities as Capex, but that is more unreliable. I also can see the Capex going back up, so I wanted to be safe and implied a 10% growth.

This money would account for over $73B in expenses and would bring the profit for the company to almost $104B before interest and taxes.

Moving on, let’s see what interest income and expenses the company has had in the past few years. We can see a decrease in interest expense in the past few years as the company has been paying off debt, but they have also been generating less money in this department, with an overall decrease in this department of more than 50% in the past year, way less than the amount from 2018. So, for safety reasons, I used a 10% decline in both income and expenses related to interest, while increasing the other losses by 10%/year.

This would bring the company pre-tax income to just over $104B in 2025.

Let’s move on to taxes. I know the Federal income tax rate is 21% for the company, but the actual effective tax rate for the company was lower than 15% in the past year, mainly due to lower tax-rates on foreign earnings alongside tax-benefits and tax-settlements. The average effective tax rate has been just over 16% in the past 3 years, but with more and more of the revenues coming from outside the US, I think it’s safe to say that the company will have around a 15% effective tax rate by 2025, this obviously if nothing major changes in tax policy around the world.

So, Apple would have $88.6B in income after tax by 2025 and with the current outstanding shares standing at just under 17B, so I don’t even account for the company probably continuing to do share buybacks, this would mean a $5.22 future earnings/share. And with today’s price for Apple just around 136$, that would mean to company is trading at just over 26 times forward price to earnings.

I don’t think Apple will ever trade at a discount again, with the current PE standing at over 40, I believe this will eventually go down, probably to around 35, despite the increase in services revenue, which is highly valued by investors. I think we can see Apple trade somewhere near 35 times P/E in 2025, especially if something big happens with the EV project, this could be even higher, just look at Tesla which trades at insane P/E. Of course, we also have to take into consideration the dividends that will be received from owning the stock, as Apple has started to pay dividends almost a decade ago and has 9 years of dividend growth, with a 10% annual rate of growth in the past 5 years. Here is the dividend growth history for the company, as I also went conservative on this estimate and implied a 7% growth for the next 2 years, 6% for 2023 and 2024 and just 5% in 2025.

So here are my 3 price targets for the company, including dividends but not reinvested. My bear case scenario is that Apple will trade at almost 165$ which implies a return of over 21% by 2025, while my base case scenario would see Apple trading at 195$ with a return of capital of 43%. I will also make the bull case for Apple trading at 225$ by 2025 with dividends included, which would imply just over 65% in gains by then.

I think this is possible as Apple has also continued to buy back shares of the company on a constant basis, as they continue to an impressive campaign with over $72B worth of common stock repurchased in 2020. They continue to buy back shares at a very fast pace, having repurchased over 1.3B shares in 2019 and 2018, while also issuing less stock every year.

So here is the full spreadsheet that I have projected for Apple by 2025 and the breakdown of everything i estimated [ 1 / 2 ] , if you do have another opinion or a suggestion please leave a comment down below, I think I have been conservative in most of my projections, but feel free to give your opinion.

Keep in mind, these targets might sound ridiculous, but just look at the growth Apple has had in the last 5years. The company has increased in value by more 400% in just the past 5years and is over 100.000% up since it started trading. So yes, the valuation is mad right now for the company. So, are you willing to bet against Apple?

The company also has pristine financials, with more than $65B in total assets compared to total liabilities, and more than $38B in cash and cash equivalents.

So, what do I expect in the next couple of days, weeks and months for Apple?

Let’s look at this CHART, so starting with the stock split, Apple saw a correction within the September stock market pullback, in a buy the news & sell the event, after a huge runup post-announcement of the stock split. The stock entered a consolidation period, and didn’t have any big catalysts, especially with new iPhone lineup not being included in the Q4 results due to the late launch. The stock found some levels of resistance near the $120 levels that it struggled to get past but acted also as support after breaking them just before the recent news of the possible EV developments or self-driving-features to be licensed to other car manufacturers. After that news the stock spiked and has now reached the previous highs made before the stock split and is facing some resistance, if the stock pushes over $140 I think we can officially say that it broke the resistance at those levels and is not just a fake-out. But I think it’s likely that the stock will consolidate between 122 and 135$ in the next weeks until the next iPhone sales and quarterly results are released, as the stock has entered overbought territory again with an RSI over 70, the first time since the stock split.

So, what would I do? Well, I own Apple stock, and I really believe this company will remain the biggest or one of the biggest in the future, so I would really add on any weakness that the stock shows before the next quarter earnings are released, as typically Q1 earnings are the best for the company due to increased holiday sales combined with the launch of new products. I think any entry below 130$ would be really nice to start and build a position or increase it if you already own the stock. As I believe Apple is one of the most stable stocks out there with large institutional holders like Vanguard, BlackRock and Berkshire owning over 900M shares each.

Thank you everyone for reading! Hope you enjoyed the content! Be sure to leave a comment down below with your opinion on the stock market!

Have a great day and see you next time!

Why Immersion (IMMR) is set to double in the next 2 weeks

Immersion (IMMR) makes immersive touch technology. They are the creators and masterminds behind the new haptic technology in the PS5 controller that has revolutionized and set the standard for gaming controllers across the board. They are also developing licensing agreements and partnerships with other industries including companies in the automobile, home hardware and mobile industries like LG.

Immersion Corporation - Wikipedia

Why IMMR might go up quite a bit over the next couple months IMMR has licensing agreements with Sony, the makers of the PS5 for all PS5 controllers. The PS5 sales have been going through the roof and has become the largest selling video game console in history since its release on Nov 12th. Sales have been further catapulted by the holiday season and people buying gifts for Christmas. IMMR’s earnings will be directly impacted by the amount of PS5 sales. There will most likely be a direct correlation. IMMR may see an even higher correlation in profitability than Sony due to the fact that additional controllers are often bought up and above what are sold with the PS5 units. Sony and Immersion have not released earnings reports that are reflective of PS5 sales but when they do there’s a good probability profitability and earnings are going to be much higher.

Sony's newest PS5 teaser focuses on immersion - CNET

On IMMR’s most recent earnings call they said earnings are estimated to grow 214% in the next 12 months The company is cash positive and has zero debt. They have a sufficient cash runway for 3 plus years They’ve reduced their operating expenses by 58% while increasing their net income to 2.9 mil in recent quarters. Sony expects to sell 7.6 million PS5 units by Mar 2021 – there are more controllers sold than units – it might be safe to say IMMR could see upwards of 10+ mil controllers sold by Mar 2021. Almost none of these sales are reflective in the stock today as the company has been trading sideways pretty much all year. Sony is now working on a new PS-VR (virtual reality) device that is also expected to use haptic technology in the form of haptic dual sense gloves developed by IMMR. This “glove” has patents on it. IMMR is currently seeing at least 50% ownership by institutions alone. Large institutions holding large amounts of stock is almost always a good sign for a rising stock.

Sony's PS5 comes with a secret weapon for next-gen levels of immersion | T3

Tesla is now developing a haptic technology steering wheel – with Immersion being the leader in this technology there’s always the possibility that a partnership will be announced: https://electrek.co/2020/02/06/tesla-new-steering-wheel-touchscreen-gear-stalk/

It could possibly be assumed that with the massive success and positive feedback Sony has seen with the dual sense controllers, other companies in other industries have most likely taken note and may be working with Immersion to develop their own immersive products. The stock price currently seems undervalued and almost slept on and does not seem to reflect the massive sales boom that IMMR is most likely experiencing around PS5 sales. The PS5 controller has been received with many glowing reviews and has even been complimented by Xbox boss Phil Spencer said “I applaud what they did”. All of the technology behind the PS5 controller is owned by IMMR. IMMR has patents on their immersive technology that makes it more difficult for emerging companies to compete.

Their patents have already held up against Microsoft and Sony that tried to compete. https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/IMMR/community?p=IMMR

Several analysts are covering IMMR and all over either a buy or strong buy on the stock with the exception of 1 that has a hold on the stock. There are no analysts that have a sell rating on the stock. https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/IMMR/community?p=IMMR

Large hedge funds have been buying up IMMR in the last few weeks – 21 current hedge funds have bought and are holding IMMR: https://finance.yahoo.com/news/immr-good-stock-buy-now-010356051.html

Zacks bought the stock for their under $10 portfolio and think it can 3.5x in the next 6 months. https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/IMMR/community?p=IMMR

Many analysists think this stock will at least hit $20 in the next 6 months. This seems to be on the conservative side for the stock Company insiders have bout $161k in shares in the last 12 months. There’s been more buying than selling among insiders by double.

Potential negatives of IMMR

It was pointed out there are early signs that the controller has been breaking down on some PS5 owners: https://bgr.com/2020/12/25/ps5-dualsense-adaptive-trigger-breaking-loose-fix/ There’s been insider selling by some executives including the CEO who sold off $83k in stock for $8.29 a month or so ago. He is the only insider to sell shares in the last 12 months. Very small market cap of 240 million – this typically means much higher volatility. The stock can easily go up a lot higher or drop a lot Revenue DROPPED from about 10 mil to 8 million last quarter. This most likely won’t be reflective of the future but is something to note.

Main Research Sources:

How to Make 1,600% in 2 years E-Mini Futures – Sharing my TradingView backtest code

Whilst learning to develop algos and strategies I struggled to find examples of profitable backtests to start from. Therefore I am sharing the code from a very simple short-term momentum strategy to hopefully provide others a pace to start.

DISCLAIMER: I am providing this for educational purposes only in order to help others to have a strong starting point. There are many variables that go into a successful trading strategy, and this backtest is not tested or fit for live trading.

The Strategy Logic

Trade E-Mini futures on 1-hour bars. E-Mini futures provide us with a large amount of leverage, allowing over 1,000% returns over a 2 year backtest. The strategy will work on shorter and longer time frames with the adjustment of the variables. (DISCLAIMERthis backtest is very likely overfit and I have not conducted a walk-forward analysis, so the actual returns may be less than shown in the backtest)

Enter a long position when a longer period moving average has risen for a longer set number of bars

  • We enter the market when the trend is established and rising
  • The long MA allows us to stay out of the market during sharp fall offs

Close a long position when a short period moving average has fallen for a smaller set number of bars

  • We close when we see the market take a quick dip
  • The short MA allows us to react quickly to get out of the market with a less amount of risk

What’s not built-in:

  • Commission – although this is very low per contract depending on your broker and likely will minimally affect the backtest
  • Slippage – although E-Mini is the most liquid asset, 2 ticks of slippage can take away hundreds of percent of profit and significantly increase risk and drawdown.

TradingView Pinescript

Run on 1-hour bars of E-Mini (ES1)

// This source code is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License 2.0 at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/

//@version=4
strategy("Short Term Momentum E-Mini", initial_capital=3000)
strategy.risk.max_intraday_filled_orders(2)

// get variables
entermavar = input(title="Enter EMA", type=input.integer, defval=100)
exitmavar = input(title="Exit EMA", type=input.integer, defval=10)
length1 = input(title="Enter Rise Length", type=input.integer, defval=6)
length2 = input(title="Exit Fall Length", type=input.integer, defval=2)

// create mas
enterma = ema(close, entermavar)
exitma = ema(close, exitmavar)

// Plot values
plot(enterma, color=color.black, linewidth=2)
plot(exitma, color=color.red, linewidth=2)


// Plot current close price
enter_trade =  rising(enterma, length1) 
close_trade = falling(exitma, length2)

if enter_trade and strategy.position_size <= 0 
    //strategy.entry("buy", strategy.long, 1, when=strategy.position_size <= 0)
    strategy.entry("LONG", strategy.long)

if close_trade and strategy.position_size > 0
    strategy.close("LONG")

Fix for Galaxy buds not detected, general causes and reasons

For anyone, having problems with the following:

  1. Detecting/connecting the buds even after charging the case.
  2. Only one earphone is connected, the other one is either an empty bar or undetected.
  3. Both buds won’t connect.

The most common scenario in my experience is that the buds were fully drained, and is no longer taking charge. The reason for this is that, every time you place your buds back to the case, both the buds and the case actually discharge to each other. The problem is when the case is zero percent. Then the buds will actually transfer a small portion of charge to the case, so that the case can also be detected by the paired phone. The second problem is when both the case and the buds are empty or near empty. Say one earbud is 2% and the case is zero, the buds will actually transfer some charge to the case because that’s how it normally behaves. And when two buds are placed, the case will try to charge the other the moment it gains charge, effectively discharging the other one fully.

To solve all the above issues follow these steps:

  1. charge the case, and keep it plugged in.
  2. Place the buds on the case and postion them until the red light is on. This will only last for a couple of seconds then the light will turn back to green, meaning the case is not charging anything. If one bud is functioning and holding charge and one is not, remove the working bud and only keep the dead one in the case.
  3. Remove the bud/s, and place them back again until the light goes red, when it turns green, repeat. Do this until the red charging indicator stays red. This process is actually jump starting the discharged buds back to holding a charge.
  4. when the red light is consistent leave the buds to charge but do not close the cover of the case.
  5. after 5-10 minutes your phone may or may not detect the buds, if it does it will only display 1-2% of charge, it may take longer. Take note it takes a long time to even get to 1% after jump starting.
  6. Leave the buds to charge for 30 minutes, then close the cover.
  7. Open the cover, then connect both your buds, ans voila your buds have been saved.

I have been doing this fix repeatedly and always with success. This will save you time and money requesting a battery repair, and rest assured your buds maybe just fully discharged and is not a dud. However, I’ve noticed a decrease in battery levels after resuscitating my buds. So take care not to leave your buds on overnight and get fully discharged.

29 Tips for Samsung Galaxy Buds

Here are 29 tips, hints and tricks for your brand new Samsung Galaxy Buds and Buds+.

  1. To get the popup on your Samsung Phones as showed off on the S10 variants in the event, download and update Smart Things and Galaxy Wearable App. Update might not be available from the play store, if not check the three dot menu in the app, then click the about section and update
  2. Turn on nearby device scanning from Bluetooth Settings. Setting>connections>more connection settings>nearby device scanning, turn that on if you don’t see a popup.
  3. Galaxy Buds and your phone have separate volume and to Increase/Decrease the volume of your buds, set up tap and hold from the GW app to Increase/Decrease volume.
  4. Turn on Media Volume Sync from advanced Bluetooth settings if you don’t want to control the volume of the buds separately.
  5. If your charging case is having considerable battery drain, drain the battery on the case to 0%, basically when the lights don’t turn on anymore and drain the buds to 5% each. Once the buds are at 5%, place them in the case and charge the case. I charged them using the USB-c cable. I’m not sure if wirelessly charging them will be any different.
  6. If you go into Setting > Developer Options > and switch on “Disable absolute volume”, it’ll increase the volume a bit. This will help with low volume issues.
  7. If you’re experiencing latency issues while gaming, update your buds to the latest version (ATA2 as of now) and latency will reduce
  8. If you go into Sound and vibration>advanced sound settings>sound quality and effects>equalizer>custom and set the 4khz range to -10 dB sound quality will improve greatly
  9. Turn on Dolby Atmos from the Dolby toggle in the notification panel. You may need to move it from the inactive ones just in case it doesn’t appear when you swipe right. It lets you choose from the 4 Dolby Atmos options.
  10. If you find the Single/Double/Triple touch function finicky and difficult to use, try thinking about it as a TAP not a touch, also make sure to leave equal intervals between taps while triple/double tapping
  11. Calls on Galaxy bud are only clear when you are in your house/Office/car or any other quite place. Microphones fail when you are in a crowded place. So here’s a tiny hack. Just hold one of your bud close to your mouth while other being in your ear for better call experience
  12. Along with the ‘disable absolute volume’ in your phones normal developer settings, and turning dynamic mode on in the wear app itself, I just found that turning the ‘recreate surround sound’ option or the ‘concert hall’ simulation, or both, in your phones normal sound settings bumps up the volume and in my opinion warms up the sound quite a bit.
  13. You can rearrange the panels/sections if you touch and hold and drag to have your desired stuff lower if you want.
  14. In the “Notifications” tab, if you click on The selected item/app you can change the setting fom “summary” to “full”. So instead of it just saying “messages” EVERYTIME you get a message it will now read the full message and author of the notification.
  15. If you’re experiencing random cutouts while outdoors,Try leaving them in the case until you’re outside, then open and put them on and see if it’s better.Can replicate 100% of the time, if i wear indoors and then go outside i don’t even get a second of music uninterrupted.Put them back in the case, wait a sec, take them out and it works flawlessly.
  16. If 15 doesn’t fix the cutout problem with your buds, then try reinstalling Galaxy Wearable and Smart things app, then reset your buds making sure that you’re on the latest version.
  17. If you’ve chosen your voice assistant and wish to pick a different one – Go to the apps settings list and press the three dot menu. Press reset app preferences. You’ll now be able to choose the Voice assistant again!
  18. If the Galaxy Wear app asks you to chose an assistant every time you summon it, go into : Settings > Default Apps > Device Assistant and choose your preferred assistant from there.
  19. MAC USERS: if you’re experiencing major lag, please check out this guide and enable AAC.
  20. If experiencing significant volume loss on one or both sides of the buds, place the buds on a table then use the find my buds feature for about 30 seconds then the level should be the same. If that doesn’t work, then completely drain both buds then fully recharge in case.
  21. If you’re experiencing stuttering and drop outs: Settings > Device Care > Battery > Battery Usage > Bluetooth (in the list, might not be there) > Change “Apps not Optimized” To All -> after clicking All find Bluetooth on list and turn it off.
  22. If your buds are beeping obnoxiously, there’s a chance that they’ve overheated, to fix this, wait a few mins for them to cool down and reset later.
  23. If you are experiencing connection issues outside when connecting the buds directly to a galaxy watch (Gear S3/GWA/GW) to try and swap the watch from the left wrist to the right wrist. This reduces interference with the right bud and should greatly reduce cut outs and make for a better experience.
  24. Samsung users search for “Bluetooth Audio Codec” in Developer option and set it to either AAC or Samsung’s proprietary scalable codec. It makes a huge difference when listening to cinematic orchestra music.
  25. If the buds produce a loud “buzzing” or “beeping” voice , it is probably because they’re overheated. Leave them in the case for about 15/20 mins to fix it.
  26. Galaxy Buds Manager – allows updates to buds through windows and more importantly lets your equalizer and touch-pad settings to work on windows (pre-configured on the android app). [WINDOWS EXCLUSIVE]
  27. Start -> Control Panel -> View Devices and Printers -> Right Click Properties on Galaxy Buds -> Services -> un-tick “Hands free telephony” – reduces the lag on windows. [WINDOWS EXCLUSIVE]
  28. If you have a problem where either of your buds are not producing sound (even after trying all the software related tips), take a cotton swab and carefully clear out the gunk around the mesh/grate of the bud.
  29. To get extra sound controls for the buds , download Sound Assistant from the galaxy store (samsung exclusive).

Beginner’s Guide to Team Composition and Roles – DOTA 2

This is a guide written for new players as well as low-rank players (Legend or below) such as myself.

There’s a lot of great guides out there by Jenkins, Elwono and many others to help us new players, and also comprehensive introduction to Dota by Purge which is amazing. This guide is a bit different. While all of those guides focus on how to actually improve your skill and get better at the game, the purpose of this guide is to entertain you and intrigue you with some insights about team composition. If you watch pro games, you may find this interesting, and it may answer certain questions about roles and lanes. I must provide a disclaimer and say that as far as pubs are concerned at our levels, 90% of the discussion below is absolutely irrelevant and will not do anything to improve your gameplay in any way.

So first, let’s try to categorize the 5 heroes playing in one team. There are 3 different ways we can think about categorizing heroes:

  1. Lane – The setup of which hero going in what lane
  2. Role – What are the key job(s) of each heroes throughout the game
  3. Win condition – This decides the farm priority of the 5 heroes

We will use the 5 most played heroes in the last 12 months (other than Pudge) as examples: Lion, Ogre Magi, Invoker, Wind Ranger, Phantom Assassin.

1. Team Composition by Lane

The first is the simplest, and the one most familiar to most of us.

Let’s say you are radiant. The bottom lane is called the safe lane, and the top lane is called the off lane. Usually, the heroes on your team will play in a 2-1-2 laning formation which means 2 heroes top (offlane), 1 hero mid, and 2 heroes bottom (safelane).

Usually we will see an Invoker going mid. The PA is likely to go bot as the Safelane Carry. Windranger can somehow hold top, so she’s the Offlane. Ogre and Lion are supports – between them, Lion is not really that dependent on items early, and can afford to be more selfless. Ogre Magi is also not that much item dependent, but craves the Arcane Boot than Lion craves his first item. So that leaves Ogre Magi as the Soft Support and Lion as the Hard Support. So the team compositions by lanes is:

  • Safelane Carry – Phantom Assassin
  • Midlane – Invoker
  • Offlane – Windranger
  • Soft Support – Ogre Magi
  • Hard Support – Lion

We will usually see the Soft Support go to the Offlane and the Hard Support go to the Safelane, though this is not always the case.

2. Team Composition by Roles

Now going by roles, Phantom Assassin is the carry of the team. The term “carry” means that this hero scales very well with gold (items) and levels, and is capable of carrying the team to victory in the endgame. PA is also capable of initiation, but that is not really her job int he team because there are at least 3 others who do it better.

Invoker is the CC (crowd control). Referring to traditional roles, you could think of Invoker as the Disabler, Nuker, Pusher, Initiator, and Counter-Initiator (Disengage specialist). Among these, Invoker’s primary role is Disabler and Initiator (Quas-Wex build), or Nuker and Pusher (Exort build). Invoker can control the crowd through Cold Snap, burn their mana through EMP, slow them down in the Ice Wall, disarm them using Deafening Blast. Invoker also deals massive damage (Nuke) with Chaos Meteor, and Sun Strike. It’s Forged Spirits and Alacrity are often great tools for Pushing lanes and taking objectives (buildings). Tornado is a good disabling spell, but you could think of it as Initiation or Counter-Initiation. Similar to Invoker, most mid heroes have some kind of heavy nuke power or at least some pushing power.

Windranger is our offlaner. It’s a bit of a weird choice to some because the Offlane role is often associated with a “tanky frontliner” i.e. a durable hero that can soak a lot of damage and enable its teammates to dish out damage to enemy. Essentially an Offlaner is any hero that can 2v1 or even 3v1 against the enemy, and deal with the annoying shit of enemy pulling their creeps etc. It’s windrun provides some survivability/mobility, and powershot lets it Nuke down creeps when it’s too dangerous to go near for the last hit. In this team, however, Windranger’s primary role is not a Nuker or a Disabler. Make no mistake, Shackelshot is a GREAT disable and Windranger can nuke heroes down as well. In the context of this team, Windranger is the de facto Initiator (as many Offlaners often are). With a Shadow Blade (or preferably, Blink Dagger), it can start a teamfight in a way most favorable to the team. Also, as the Offlaner, Windranger is able to create a lot of space for its carry (PA). Windranger does this in a variety of ways – it can gank enemy heroes and delete them, it can pressure a tower through its ultimate, it can make enemy heroes waste valuable time chasing it around in its windrun. This is why it’s not so hard to see why Windranger is a very capable and competent Offlaner.

Both Ogre Magi and Lion are capable of being Hard Supports, but traditionally, Lion is the less item dependent between the two. These two heroes have the role of Support and Disable. They are the primary disablers of the team. Once Lion gets its dagger, it arguably the best candidate for Initiator int the team, so that’s another of its role. Depending on the matchup, Ogre may decide to roam around and let Windranger solo the offlane. But Lion will stick to Phantom Assassin for sure, acting as a babysitting support against an aggressive lane, or a zoning support in general.

You can learn about all of the common roles here. But I will provide a brief summary below:

RoleShort DescriptionFrequency (how often it appears in a game)Popular example in <4k Pubs
CarryHeroes that scale very well with items and levelsAlmost all games have multiple heroes of this rolePhantom Assassin, Juggernaut, Sniper
SupportHeroes that are able to do well at low levels without itemsTypically 2 heroes per team, but sometimes there may be less in greedy or low-level teamsLion, Crystal Maiden, Ogre Magi
NukerHeroes that can do huge amount of burst damage using spellsQuite popular, typically most teams will have more than 1 nukersLion, Invoker, Zeus, Shadow Fiend, Lina
DisablerHeroes that can control the opposition. Stuns are the most common and “hard” disable, but there are other disables including silence, root, disarm etc.It is difficult to have a team of 5 heroes without ANY disable, but in low-rank games, sometimes a team may lack any real hard disablerLion, Earthshaker, Axe
DurableHeroes that have a great deal of survivability due to armor, magic resistance, high HP, or any other kind of damage mitigation / health regeneration. These heroes can frontline and soak damageUsually the offlaner is the Durable hero, but sometimes there is no Durable hero in a team (this is not necessarily a problem, but it requires more skill for a team to play without any “tanky” frontliner)Wraith King, Bristleback, Axe
MobileHeroes with high mobility that are capable of closing gaps or escaping easily due to a spell/ability they haveNot really essential to the team, but the sometimes may have a mobility heroWeaver, Anti Mage, Queen of Pain, Slark
PusherHeroes that have the ability to push lanes well and/or take objectives. There are two kinds: (1) fast creep wave clear and (2) sieging buildingsA team should ideally have at least one good pusher, but in low-level pubs, it is a common scenario that the team lacks any real pusher – because of which it is difficult to take towers after winning a fightNature’s Prophet, Invoker, Jakiro are great overall pushers. Heroes like Tinker are great at shoving the lane forward and clearing creep waves but not so great at sieging buildings. Shadow Shaman and Pugna are potent at taking buildings, but not the best at clearing creep waves
InitiatorThe hero on the team that can open the combat in a way that is favorable for the team. A good initiation means it’s never a fair right – its advantageous to the team that has the better initiationSometimes good initiators are missing in low-level games. In some cases this is due to lack of initiator heroes selected, but in many cases, it’s also because a hero that can become a very potent initiator is not played that way (for example, Lion)Lion, Axe, Legion Commander, Earthshaker (all of them are quite blink dependent, but can also initiate without blink in certain situations)
GankerThis is a combination of Nuker and Mobile heroes that have some kind of a high duration or hard Disable. These are heroes that have a lot of burst damage and also the potential to close down gaps in order to “hunt” lonely enemy heroesNot many gankers are played at low-levels, and even when they are, ganking is not too common a practice as players at our level prefer to clump down together and love teamfightsTemplar Assassin, Riki, Storm Spirit, Bloodseeker, Ember Spirit, Legion Commander
Counter-InitiatorThese heroes are great at reacting to enemy heroes and are great at turning the tides of battle.Typically not very favored in low-level pubs because counter-initiators are sometimes seen as boring, and not very flashy or aggressiveALL initiators are somewhat good counter-initiators (like Tidehunter and Enigma), but I will only name heroes below that are NOT good initiators: Silencer, Omniknight, Undying, Dazzle, Winter Wyvern
RoamerNot to be confused with gankers. Gankers are typically core/carry heroes that roam around the map in midgame looking for certain KILL. Roamers are supports that start moving around the map very early in order to establish map control and annoy key carriesAlmost non-existent in low-level games. And when picked, a Roamer is usually flamed by the team because sometimes it’s difficult to appreciate and understand how good a job a Roamer is doing (for example, warding all of Alchemist’s neutral camps)Bounty Hunter, Earth Shaker, Lion
JunglerI will quote dotapedia here: ” Junglers are heroes that can efficiently jungle neutrals at the start of the game, rather than lane”. Almost no heroes can jungle that efficiently, and in low-level games, having a jungler usually results in auto-loss due to enemies dominating all lanes and winning the game quite earlyFortunately, not as popular as it once used to be. If you are below Ancient, please don’t level 1 jungle. Win lanes, win games. Thanks.Nature’s Prophet, Axe, Crystal Maiden, Ursa (I did not mention Lone Druid, Chen and Enchantress because these heroes are never picked at low-level games except by smurfs)

3. Team Composition by Win Condition

Once it hits its critical mass of level and items, Phantom Assassin can single-handedly take out the enemy heroes and win its team the game. This is why it can be called the Primary Win Condition.

In the event that PA does not get the job done, Invoker can pull off some amazing combos to kill heroes, and even take objectives very fast. This is why it’s the Secondary Win Condition. The hero scales quite well with levels and items.

Windranger scales well with levels and items too, but in this game, PA and Invoker scale better. So Windranger’s job is to create space so that PA and Invoker can farm really fast. To do this, Windranger can occupy the time and attention of multiple enemy heroes simultaneously, push lanes, hit towers, force rotations. Also, during “peacetime” in midgame, it is the job of Windranger to farm the unsafe areas of the map and overextended lanes, so that the two WinCon heroes can farm the 2 jungles efficiently.

Ogre Magi’s job in this game as the Core Enabler is to make rotations, make plays and do things that help its 3 WinCon heroes (known as Core heroes) to farm efficiently. Efficient farm = farm fast + farm safe. In this process, Ogre Magi might pick up some last hits and gold here and there.

The Position 5 Hero, Lion, is the no-farm hero of the team. What Ogre does for the 3 Core heroes, Lion does for all of its teammates. An interesting difference between the two would be – if there is a Mid Tower that needs defending (mid tower should always be prioritized at it provides enemy access to jungle), and the team is hesitant to go there because enemy heroes are nearby, then it is Lion’s job to go defend that mid tower. This is one scenario, and there are many other scenario where this hero makes risky plays, sacrifices, long walks, and buys time and creates space for the rest of the team. In this process it does gather gold over time. When it is near completing a very game-changing item (such as sitting on 1900 gold, about to buy Blink Dagger), sometimes the other heroes should let Lion get some farm to quickly get Blink online.

In some team compositions, due to the nature of the two supports selected (for example, an Undying and a Crystal Maiden), it is clear that Crystal Maiden will be the No-farm support. But in many cases, if two “eligible hard supports” are selected such as Lion and Crystal Maiden, then both can be thought of as position 4.5 from the beginning of the game – and as the game evolves, more farm is allocated to the hero that is likely to have great impact of the game (this depends entirely on what are the other heroes in the team and in the enemy team). Many core heroes can be played as a Position 4 support (Core Enabler) such as Weaver, Zeus etc. But only a handful of heroes can be played effectively as a Position 5 Support. A good litmus test to know whether a particular hero would be an amazing position 5 hero is to ask this question “Will this hero be able to contribute greatly to the team even if it has only brown boots at 12 minutes?” If the answer is either “no” or “maybe”, then this is NOT a position 5 hero. Sure, in most cases even the Position 5 hero will have some small items at 15 minutes like arcane boots, Tranquil Boots, Bracer etc. but a good Position 5 hero should be prepared for the scenario where that does not happen so that it can remain effective even without farm and not fall off the game or be a burden for its team.

Putting it all together

So below is the summary of the things I have discussed thus far.

PositionHeroLaneRoleFarm Priority
Pos 1Phantom AssassinSafelane CarryCarryPrimary Win Condition
Pos 2InvokerMid heroNuker, Pusher, Counter-initiator, DisablerSecondary Win Condition
Pos 3WindrangerOfflaneInitiator, Disabler, Nuker, Pusher, MobileSpace Creator
Pos 4Ogre MagiSupportDisabler, Support, Roamer, Counter-initiatorCore Enabler
Pos 5LionHard SupportInitiator, Disabler, SupportNo Farm

It’s good to think about the TEAM in terms of Role (does my team have enough push, enough nukes, enough lategame potential, enough early game survivability etc.). But when deciding where to lane which hero, the approach of “most carry-type hero goes safelane, typical mid goes mid, tank goes offlane” is a safe, tried and tested approach, but sometimes it can be sub-optimal. It always depends on the enemy lineup where your heroes lane. For example, let’s say your team has 3 cores: a Juggernaut, an Invoker and a Bristleback. And your enemy team has 4 standard heroes, and then a surprise last pick Brood. You know it’s likely that Brood is going mid. And you know Brood is going to destroy Invoker (or anyone else that gets sent mid). And you know that based on the other 4 heroes of the enemy, Invoker may actually be a very valuable asset in this game. So, what you do is send your Invoker in the offlane. And Bristleback lanes middle against Brood. In this example, did Invoker get downgraded to Space Creator and Bristleback upgrade to Secondary WinCon? Nope. Bristleback is still the space creator and Invoker is the Secondary WinCon – with just swapped lanes. Farm Priority is not always linked to lanes, you see. Sometimes the safelane carry goes offlane and offlaner comes to safelane because of an unfavorable matchup (imagine your Juggernaut going against an Axe and Sand King lane – no thanks).

Dota is a beautiful game and team composition is one of the most fascinating things about it. We often don’t think about it as much for a few reasons. The biggest reason is that it’s not that relevant to whether we win or lose at lower ranks, since even the best draft of counterpicks will not win the game if you are crushed at the game of last hitting and denying. Another reason is that there is a lot of conventional wisdom about Team Composition that we all “know” and adhere to which kind of keeps our teams in check (5 heroes: 1 typical mid, agi carry in safelane, tanky strength hero in offlane, two supports, one of them can be greedy). But sometimes, the difference between winning and losing can be your 4th and 5th pick. You look at all the heroes of your team and enemy team selected so far and think “what does my team need now?” The answer will not be “Offlaner.” The answer will not be “Stuns”. The answer will not be Position 3 (Space creator). The answer will be “a hero that can offlane against those two xyz heroes that enemy is likely to put on safelane and disrupt their farm a bit while not dying too much, and this hero should have some decent disables since the rest of my team lacks any, and also the hero must not be too greedy as it needs to be a Space creator (Position 3)”. With this kind of thinking, you can great improve your picking. Also, after all 10 heroes are picked, team composition STILL can influence decision making a lot. Where are you laning your heroes? Do you want your safelane carry to dodge a dangerous lane? Do you want to help your carry trilane? Do you want to have a support as a roamer to address their annoying Mid that you don’t have any real counter for other than lane harass and warding his camps?

These are very interesting and amusing thoughts, and the more games you watch (both pro games and random pub games of your level), the better you will understand these things and the more fun you will have while thinking about stuff like this. But in your game, your actual game, during playing – you don’t have the luxury to think about all of these unless you are an afk Pos 5 support. Because youa are ranked lower than Legend and you should just focus on last hitting, denying, creep aggro, proper itemization according to timings and enemy heroes, taking objectives, and map control. Work on the basics first – then you can maybe think about Team Composition in your free time. But the more you think about Team Composition, watch videos of commentary during draft, or draft analysis, the better you will be about understanding the game at a macro level.